myBibleHistory

Journey of a Passage

Isaiah 43:10–13

"Ye are my witnesses… that I am he"

"Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord… that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me." The Hebrew ani hu ("I am he") is rendered in the Greek as egō eimi, "I am"; John 13:19 has Jesus say "that ye may believe that I am he" in nearly the same Greek words. The Hebrew witnesses agree.

Same letters, different readings: the consonants agree, but ancient readers vocalized or interpreted them differently

The family tree

Each row is a language or text tradition. Witnesses in the same row may share ancestry, revise one another, or have an uncertain relationship; the line under each box says which. A solid arrow appears only where direct copying or a documented revised edition is established. Order by date never implies copying. Scroll sideways on a phone.

✓ contains it · ✕ does not · ❝ quotes part of it · ⓘ reports on manuscripts · ▢ pages lost · – no copy survives

  • Same line, through lost copies
  • Translation
  • Uncertain connection
Hebrew
  1. The oracle as first spoken or written8th–6th century BC (by section; debated)
  2. Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa-a), Qumran Cave 1c. 125 BC (palaeography; reported)Descends, through lost copies, from The oracle as first spoken or written
  3. 1QIsa-b (1Q8), Qumran Cave 11st century BC – 1st century AD (reported)Descends, through lost copies, from The oracle as first spoken or written
  4. Masoretic Text (Leningrad Codex)AD 1008Descends, through lost copies, from The oracle as first spoken or written
Greek
  1. Greek Isaiah (library: Giguet's French)Greek translation c. 2nd century BC; French 1872Translated from the Old Greek Isaiah
Latin
  1. Latin Vulgate (Clementine)Jerome c. AD 400, from Hebrew; edition 1592Translated from the Hebrew text Jerome used
English
  1. King James Bible1611Translated from printed Masoretic Hebrew
New Testament quotation
  1. John 13:19 (Greek New Testament; library: Statistical Restoration text)1st century AD; edition 2010sUncertain relationship to the verse (which wording it followed is the question)

Every witness, in order

  1. 8th–6th century BC (by section; debated)

    The oracle as first spoken or written

    – No copy survives

    No original survives. The oldest copies of Isaiah are the Qumran scrolls: the Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa-a, about 125 BC, nearly complete), 1QIsa-b (1Q8) and some twenty other fragmentary manuscripts.

  2. c. 125 BC (palaeography; reported)

    Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsa-a), Qumran Cave 1

    ✓ Contains this passageDescends, through lost copies, from The oracle as first spoken or written

    How the site knows this: Described from a published transcription of the manuscript. Described in the site's own words from Martin Abegg's transcription (ETCBC/CACCHT Dead Sea Scrolls dataset v2.0.5); the transcription itself is not reproduced. Photographs and DJD XXXII not yet checked.

    Hebrew numbering: Isaiah 43:10–13. "You are my witnesses… that I am he; before me no god was formed" as in the Masoretic Text. Otherwise the differences are of spelling (fuller use of vowel letters) and small grammatical forms.

  3. 1st century BC – 1st century AD (reported)

    1QIsa-b (1Q8), Qumran Cave 1

    ◐ Contains part of itDescends, through lost copies, from The oracle as first spoken or written

    How the site knows this: Described from a published transcription of the manuscript. Described in the site's own words from Martin Abegg's transcription (ETCBC/CACCHT Dead Sea Scrolls dataset v2.0.5); the transcription itself is not reproduced. Photographs and DJD XXXII not yet checked.

    Hebrew numbering: Isaiah 43:10–13. A fragmentary copy: only parts of these verses survive, and in the transcription much of the passage is restored by the editors. What survives agrees with the Masoretic Text.

  4. 1st century AD; edition 2010s

    John 13:19 (Greek New Testament; library: Statistical Restoration text)

    ✓ Contains this passageUncertain relationship to the verse (which wording it followed is the question)

    How the site knows this: Read in the site's library text: the Greek New Testament editions in the library (Textus Receptus, Byzantine Textform, Statistical Restoration).

    Ἀπʼ ἄρτι λέγω ὑμῖν πρὸ τοῦ γενέσθαι, ἵνα πιστεύσητε ὅταν γένηται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι.

    From now on I tell you before it happens, so that when it happens you may believe that I am

    Jesus' words in John's Gospel; wording close to the Greek of Isaiah 43:10. Words attributed to Jesus. KJV: "Now I tell you before it come, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that I am he."

  5. Jerome c. AD 400, from Hebrew; edition 1592

    Latin Vulgate (Clementine)

    ✓ Contains this passageTranslated from the Hebrew text Jerome used

    How the site knows this: Read in the site's library text: Clementine Vulgate (1592 edition).

    Vos testes mei, dicit Dominus, et servus meus quem elegi: ut sciatis, et credatis mihi, et intelligatis quia ego ipse sum; ante me non est formatus Deus, et post me non erit. Ego sum, ego sum Dominus, et non est absque me salvator. Ego annuntiavi, et salvavi; auditum feci, et non fuit in vobis alienus: vos testes mei, dicit Dominus, et ego Deus. Et ab initio ego ipse, et non est qui de manu mea eruat. Operabor, et quis avertet illud?

    Latin numbering: Isaiah 43:10–13. Jerome translated Isaiah from Hebrew (c. AD 400).

  6. AD 1008

    Masoretic Text (Leningrad Codex)

    ✓ Contains this passageDescends, through lost copies, from The oracle as first spoken or written

    How the site knows this: Read in the site's library text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, a digital transcription of the Leningrad Codex.

    אַתֶּ֤ם עֵדַי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְעַבְדִּ֖י אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּחָ֑רְתִּי לְמַ֣עַן תֵּ֠דְעוּ וְתַאֲמִ֨ינוּ לִ֤י וְתָבִ֙ינוּ֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא לְפָנַי֙ לֹא־נ֣וֹצַר אֵ֔ל וְאַחֲרַ֖י לֹ֥א יִהְיֶֽה׃ אָנֹכִ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י יְהוָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין מִבַּלְעָדַ֖י מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ אָנֹכִ֞י הִגַּ֤דְתִּי וְהוֹשַׁ֙עְתִּי֙ וְהִשְׁמַ֔עְתִּי וְאֵ֥ין בָּכֶ֖ם זָ֑ר וְאַתֶּ֥ם עֵדַ֛י נְאֻם־יְהוָ֖ה וַֽאֲנִי־אֵֽל׃ גַּם־מִיּוֹם֙ אֲנִ֣י ה֔וּא וְאֵ֥ין מִיָּדִ֖י מַצִּ֑יל אֶפְעַ֖ל וּמִ֥י יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃

    You are my witnesses, says the LORD, and my servant whom I chose, so that you may know and believe me and understand that I am he; before me no god was formed, and after me there will be none (v. 10)

    Hebrew numbering: Isaiah 43:10–13.

  7. 1611

    King James Bible

    ✓ Contains this passageTranslated from printed Masoretic Hebrew

    How the site knows this: Read in the site's library text: King James Version (1769 text).

    Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. I, even I, am the Lord; and beside me there is no saviour. I have declared, and have saved, and I have shewed, when there was no strange god among you: therefore ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord, that I am God. Yea, before the day was I am he; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand: I will work, and who shall let it?

  8. Greek translation c. 2nd century BC; French 1872

    Greek Isaiah (library: Giguet's French)

    ✓ Contains this passageTranslated from the Old Greek Isaiah

    How the site knows this: Known here only through a translation.

    Soyez pour moi des témoins, et moi-même je porterai témoignage, dit le Seigneur Dieu; et aussi mon serviteur, celui que j’ai élu, afin que vous sachiez, que vous croyiez et compreniez que je suis. Avant moi il n’y à pas eu d’autre Dieu, et il n’en sera point après moi. Je suis Dieu, et, hormis moi, nul ne sauve. J’ai prédit, j’ai sauvé, j’ai fait des reproches, et il n’y avait pas avec vous d’étranger. Vous êtes mes témoins, et moi je suis le Seigneur Dieu. Je suis depuis le commencement, et il n’est personne qui puisse rien arracher de mes mains. Je ferai mon œuvre, et qui la détruira?

    Greek (digital file) numbering: Isaiah 43:10–13. Giguet's 1872 French of a printed Greek text (D check only); a C check needs Ziegler's Göttingen Isaiah or Rahlfs–Hanhart.

What changed, and why

Classification: stable text; the Greek "I am" formula; later allusion in John (proposed).

One of the clearest statements of exclusive monotheism in the Hebrew Bible.

In 1931 the Bible Students adopted the name Jehovah's Witnesses from v. 10 (later reception).

What the evidence shows

  • Independently documentedThe Greek renders ani hu as egō eimi.
  • Plausible, not confirmedJohn 13:19 alludes to Isaiah 43:10.

Sources

    Related lessons

    • Isaiah 43: Ye Are My Witnesses →"Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I have called thee by thy name; thou art mine. When thou passest through the waters, I will be with thee" (43:1–2). God gives nations as Israel's ransom and gathers sons and daughters from every direction (vv. 3–7). In court, the nations have no witnesses: "Ye are my witnesses… before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me… beside me there is no saviour" (vv. 8–13). For your sake I sent to Babylon; forget the former things: "I will do a new thing," a road in the wilderness (vv. 14–21). Yet you wearied me with your sins; I blot them out for my own sake (vv. 22–28).
    • Investigation: Jesus and Isaiah →Isaiah is quoted in the Gospels more than any other prophet. This study registers 55 uses that involve Jesus: 20 in Matthew, 14 in Mark, 12 in Luke and 9 in John. For each it records who speaks (Jesus as the Gospel reports him, the narrator, John the Baptist, a heavenly voice, Simeon, or a later scribe), the Isaiah passage and its original setting, the Gospel's Greek wording, whether the use is an explicit quotation, a quotation without formula, an allusion, a proposed allusion, or a later Christian connection, and how that Gospel uses it. Each Gospel is kept separate.